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California native sages

Sages, Salvias, truly drought tolerant California Native plants.

Depending on the flora there are 17 or 18 sages native to California. In California, the sages are visited by hummingbirds, bumblebees, wasps and bees. (Hummingbirds kill for sages. They defend the sages in their territory like they are the only water in the desert.) Sages are native in California along the coastal areas, parts of the Sierra Nevada mountains and into the upper desert.(The Creeping Sage, can sometimes be found in the lower elevations of the Sierra Nevada mountain range.) In much of central California Black Sage, Salvia mellifera, sometimes grows along the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. In areas like Los Angeles and San Diego, as much as a third of the vegetation may have been sages mixed with oaks (Quercus spp.), Toyons (Heteromeles arbutifolia), Mountain lilac (Ceanothus spp.), California sagebrush (Artemisia californica) and Rhus species. Sages can live for 30 or more years and are very drought tolerant. We have a few on the nursery property that were mature 23 years ago and are still living, even in a bad drought.

White Sage (Salvia apiana)

White Sage (Salvia apiana) is used as a smudge stick by many upscale white folks while whole hillsides are ripped out of the ground in California. The 'sticks'(whole bushes, roots and all) are stuffed into old, dirty Chevy, Dodge and Ford Vans and driven to New York, Portland and other far away places. White sage has been killed out of many areas of California by this practice. The main pollinators for White Sage are the humble bumblebee and small native wasps. These guys are hard little workers that bother no one but whose nectar sources have been replaced in California with weeds. They'll fly into the flower face and then crawl into the flower's neck and sip the nectar.(I've only been stung once by a bumble, I sat on him accidentally. The flower wasps are similar, no problem unless you start to smash one, then wow! They hurt! If it didn't hurt so much they'd be cute walking around grumbling (they actually swing their head back and forth like they're cursing) that they had to sting you because you're big, blind and stupid for not seeing them. White sage is a stunner if you place it in amongst a series of greens like Dwarf Coyote Brush, or in front of a rock wall with a bench in front of it where people can watch the humble bumble at work.
White sage, Salvia apiana has incredible leaves. - grid24_12
White sage, Salvia apiana has incredible leaves.
White Sage, Salvia apiana with hummingbird. - grid24_12
Hummingbirds like White Sage
A Hmmingbird on Salvia apiana compacta - grid24_12
Knock your socks off Sage flowers, Salvia Celestial Blue - grid24_12
Scroll down for more sages like Salvia Celestial Blue.

Salvia apiana compacta, Compact White Sage

This compact white sage looks a lot like regular white sage but it is smaller and neater. It has the same chalky white foliage and clean white flowers.

This Sage grows up to 6000 ft. in the San Jacinto Mountains of Southern California.
A Costa hummingbird on a compact white sage. - grid24_12
Salvia apiana compacta, Compact White Sage with a Costa's Hummingbird, Calypte costae.
This little Hummingbird was watching as I took his picture on the Salvia apiana compacta. Native plants can bring life to you garden, naturally. - grid24_12
A hummingbird on Salvia apiana compacta, Compact White Sage

Salvia brandegei, Brandegees Sage

Island Black Sage is a wonderful form of Black Sage that grows on the islands off the coast of southern California. A kind of sprawling perennial that grows to 3 feet tall and 4 feet wide. The deep cobalt blue flowers are well liked by hummingbirds and butterflies. It has proven hardy to 10 degrees F and tolerant of clay or sand. Mix with Diplacus species., Salvia 'Gracias' and Penstemons for a showy hummingbird garden. Island black sage is fairly drought tolerant and can survive in most gardens with no water after the first year.

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A short video of Salvia brandegei, Brandegees Sage
Salvia brandegei with Penstemon spectablis - grid24_12
Salvia brandegei, Brandegees Sage makes a nice small scale, mounding, groundcover.
Salvia brandegei, Brandegees Sage or  Island Black Sage - grid24_12
Salvia brandegei, Brandegees Sage will grow in garden conditions and inland hot spots.

Thistle Sage, Salvia carduacea, is an annual that is not available in the trade but some of you no doubt are curious as to what it looks like. It grows along the inside of the coast ranges and makes a stunning show some years covering acres in pink, lavender or blue..
A field of Thistle Sage - grid24_12
Thistle Sage, Salvia carduacea, out in the Southern San Joaquin Valley.
An old photo Salvia carduacea. Thistle Sage flowers - grid24_12
This Thistle Sage, Salvia carduacea, growing along a back road. Sometimes the surprises make the long drives worth it.

Salvia clevelandii, Alpine Cleveland sage or Musk Sage

This is a from of Cleveland sage that was found near the town of Alpine in Southern California. It was growing out of a decomposed granite road cut in full sun. Alpine Cleveland Sage has large blue flowers, is very floriferous, loved by hummingbirds, and is also very drought tolerant. Although our California sages are not reliable in Oregon and Washington, one customer reported that this one preformed best in Portland.

One of the best wildlife plants we grow.
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Hummingbird on Salvia clevelandii Alpine
Two Pale Swallowtail Butterflies on one Salvia clevelandii Alpine. This sage has been been a wildlife magnet in the garden. - grid24_12
Two Swallowtail Butterflies next to each other on Salvia clevelandii, Alpine Cleveland sage or Musk Sage
A young Anna Hummingbird on Salvia Alpine, Cleveland Sage. Cleveland Sage is drought resistant and can look good with 7-8 inches of rainfall. Your native garden needs very little water in a drought  to  look and smell good. Tolerant of much abuse. - grid24_12
A Hummingbird on Salvia clevelandii, Alpine Cleveland sage or Musk Sage

Salvia clevelandii, Winnifred Gilman Cleveland or Musk Sage

The most fragrant of the native sages is probably Cleveland or Musk Sage, Salvia clevelandii. The deep sky blue flowers send up fireworks about the Fourth of July and last well into August attracting a crowd of party -going beneficial insects. Musk sage grows near the coast in San Diego and inland to the edge of the Anza Borrego desert.

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A short video about Salvia clevelandii Winifred Gilman Cleveland Sage Musk Sage
You can sometimes find it growing on nasty, south facing rocky slopes that look like an old B western, or like Afghanistan does now. You couldn't plant these slopes because there's no soil, only rock. In clay, Musk Sage is a very short lived perennial. In beach sand it is wonderful, long lived and carefree. Cleveland sage looks good and flowers in areas that may only receive 5-7 inches of rainfall. It is a very drought tolerant plant.
Salvia clevelandii Winnifred Gilman with a Hummingbird - grid24_12
Hummingbirds on Salvia clevelandii, Winnifred Gilman Cleveland or Musk Sage
Salvia clevelandii, Winnifred Gilman has fragrant foliage and flowers. - grid24_12

Salvia columbariae, Chia

Chia is a lovely, annual sage that makes a great pet (ha ha chia pet) or a decent wildflower show on gravelly sandy soils. The seeds were eaten by the indigenous California people. It can be found in clean areas between the chaparral. The leaves are deeply dissected and very crinkly.

Salvia columbariae, chia flowers. - grid24_12
Salvia columbariae, Chia flowers.
Chia instead of weeds. - grid24_12
Salvia columbariae, Chia in one of our fields.

Salvia dorrii, Desert Sage

Desert sage is one tough desert-edge plant. It grows along the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada mountains from Lassen county to just Victorville area and east to Nevada in gravelly washes and rocky outcrops. This sage only grows to 2 or 3 feet but can stop traffic when it's in flower. It will die in most watered gardens, in clay, or with much winter rain, abuse it with drought and sun, and it will thrive.

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A short video about Salvia Dorrii. First part describes one location in wild, second flowers and butterflies.
Salvia dorrii, Desert sage or Purple Sage flowers. - grid24_12
Salvia dorrii, Desert Sage flowers.
Purple Desert sage commonly grows along the edges of the desert. Big Berry Manzanita, Happlopappus linearis, Single Leaf Pinyon, Stipa speciosa - grid24_12
Salvia dorrii, Desert Sage is a beautiful little shrub that grows in the mountains in and around the desert.

Salvia eremostachya, Santa Rosa Sage,

grows in dry stream beds and gravelly slopes along the western edge of the Colorado desert from about Palm Springs to Baja. Santa Rosa Sage has lumpy leaves and pale blue flowers.
Salvia eremostachya, Santa Rosa Sage - grid24_12
Salvia eremostachya, Santa Rosa Sage,

Salvia funerea, Death Valley Sage

Do not expect to see Death Valley Sage in a nursery any time soon. It grows on limestone in the desert. If we ever did get it to grow it's doubtful you wouldn't kill it looking at it. It is very specific where it wants to grow and that's not in a nursery or your yard.
Salvia funerea. Death Valley Sage side view - grid24_12

Salvia leucophylla Purple Sage

Purple sage is the largest sage native to California, can reach 6 feet in height in the wild. In the garden do not give it much water, as it can grow into an eight foot tumble weed. Purple sage grows from Santa Maria south. Its crinkly gray foliage is almost white. Purple sage's flowers are a soft violet spiral that look like a landing towers for hummingbirds and native insects. Purple Sage likes a clay or loamy soil. It will grow in sand, but not at its best. Use in the back of a native planting or sage garden and as a contrast plant. Along the coast it is a satisfactory bluff plant.

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A short video about Salvia leucophylla, Purple Sage
Salvia leucophylla Point Sal, Purple sage flowers - grid24_12
A couple of seasons after pruning  the Purple Sage is back in full shape. - grid24_12
Salvia leucophylla Purple Sage makes a show of tight clusters of pale lavender flowers.

Salvia leucophylla, Pt. Sal

A gray mounding groundcover sage that has purple flowers and has done as well on coastal bluffs as in the interior. heat. Very drought tolerant in most of California. Tends to grow about one foot tall and 3 foot wide. With time it can get to 2 foot tall and 8 foot across. It can take to Southern California sotuh facinf slopes.
Pt. Sal  can make a good show. - grid24_12
A 25 year old Salvia leucophylla, Pt. Sal

Salvia mellifera, Black Sage

Black sage is native within about 50 miles of the coastal areas of California from San Diego up to about San Francisco. The fragrance is different from Musk Sage, in that when you brush against Black Sage wafts of CHAPARRAL fragrance follow you. Hummingbirds, small native flies and butterflies like the flowers. Quail and small birds like the seeds. Black Sage is a dominant plant in its range. This sage grows in sand in Los Osos, clay in San Luis Obispo, under redwoods in Santa Cruz, and mixed with junipers in the Temblor mountain range. This is a very long lived, stable sage that looks good most all of the year.

A twenty year old Salvia mellifera, Black sage - grid24_12
Salvia mellifera, Black Sage

Salvia mellifera repens, Creeping Black Sage

This is a low growing black sage, one of several forms and varieties out there. The varieties that we have seen are all much lower and more spreading than Black Sage and definitely more frost sensitive. They would do well in areas where height is a problem, as in obscuring a view. Black Sage and the other sages of California have been little used in cooking but each one has its own special fragrance and most people burn the wood with oak wood in the barbecue to flavor the meat in that way.
Here is Salvia mellifera repens on a coastal bluff. - grid24_12
Salvia mellifera repens, Creeping Black Sage growing in it's element, a coastal Bluff.
Salvia mellifera repens, Creeping Black sage. - grid24_12
Salvia mellifera repens, Creeping Black Sage with interior heat the repens part gets a little weird. We had one that grew to 10 feet across and 3 foot tall. In coastal gardens it seem to stay one foot tall and six foot wide.

Salvia mohavensis

Mohave sage grows in volcanic rock outcroppings and east facing washes in the Mohave desert. Weird to see a green sage in the middle of a dry desert situation. Sometimes in nearly solid lava rock, sometimes in a wash.
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A short video of Salvia mohavensis in the wild.
Salvia mohavensis, Mohave Sage - grid24_12
Salvia mohavensis flower.
Salvia mohavensis Mojave sage is in amongst the boulders. The desert is a great place to explore from January through March, flowers, no snakes and little rain. - grid24_12
Salvia mohavensis growing on a rocky hillside east of Barstow.
This was one of those moments. Walking along looking at the Desert mallows and Bladder Sage and , What's this doing here? - grid24_12
Salvia mohavensis in flower in the wild. June 2011.

Salvia munzii, San Diego Sage

Munz's Sage grows right at the Mexican border in a real badlands of drought, sun, and wind. This sage will go deciduous in its normal range in late summer, making it probably the most drought tolerant of the garden tolerant sages. In a garden it is a cute little perennial sub-shrub with blue flowers. It looks so delicate in the garden, yet its habitat is awfully hot and dry.
As with most sages they look good for at least 20 years. This one is now about 15 years old. - grid24_12
Salvia munzii, San Diego Sage
This Anna Hummingbird was working the Salvia munzii, which I keep misspelling munzesii. - grid24_12
Hummingbirds like Salvia munzii, San Diego Sage

Rose Sage, Salvia pachyphylla

Rose Sage is the queen of California sages. The flowers are elegant, showy on a very clean, smooth plant.
Some years the flowers are almost as big as the plant! Fragrance is not as good as Musk Sage, but the flowers are pink and lavender with hints of blue. The foliage on Mountain desert sage is as white as white sage but more neat and the plant more compact with stunning flowers. Mountain desert sage can be grown in most gardens as long as you keep it dry after the first year. Sneak out and water in the summer and this drought loving plant will probably die.
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Salvia pachyphylla Rose Sage and Mountain Desert Sage
Salvia pachyphylla - blue sage, Rose Sage, thick leaved sage, Giant-flowered purple sage, Mountain Desert sage,. The flowers are not that giant, it's the purple bracts that are glorious. California sages are amazing. - grid24_12
I'm biased, but I think Salvia pachyphylla, Mountain Desert Sage is the most beautiful sage in the world.
Salvia pachyphylla, Rose Sage, or Purple Mountain sage plant. - grid24_12
Salvia pachyphylla, Mountain Desert Sage The cold or hot years seem to make the colors more intense.

Creeping Sage Salvia sonomensis)

is a trailing groundcover that lives in the more mesic chaparral edges and along the edges of the yellow pine forest. Creeping Sage commonly grows in clay that is very wet in winter, but dry in summer.
Salvia sonomensis - grid24_12
This photo of Creeping Sage (Salvia sonomensis) is a flat groundcover.
	 Salvia sonomensis, Creeping Sage has a nice blue flower on a flat leaves. - grid24_12
Creeping Sage (Salvia sonomensis) has an elegant flower.

Salvia sonomensis, Farmar-Bower or Golden Creeping Sage

is the yellow flowered form of Creeping Sage.
Occasionally a summer shower will wash the foliage off, but the ground stays dry. If you wish to grow Creeping Sage water it once every week or so for the first year, then one or two waterings extra in spring, along with 2-3 summer dust wash-offs. Salvia sonomensis is drought tolerant in it's range, everywhere else it needs its wash off.
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A short video about Salvia sonomensis, Farmar-Bower or Golden Creeping Sage.
Salviasonomensis, Farmar-Bower or Golden Creeping Sage with a yellow flower spike. - grid24_12
Salvia sonomensis, Farmar-Bower is a flat ground cover with yellow flowers. - grid24_12
Salvia sonomensis, Farmar-Bower or Golden Creeping Sage

Salvia spathacea, Hummingbird Sage

We grow several forms of Hummingbird Sage. Hummingbird sage is a groundcover usually found under oaks, but may also grows in sunny areas in chaparral. Under Coast Live Oaks, Quercus agrifolia, Hummingbird Sage can cover areas 100 feet across forming a solid mat of large deep green leaves followed by magenta flowers staked out by resident hummingbirds.
Hummingbird Sage has been very effective on coastal bluffs. It can tolerate full sun along the coast, long drought and tolerates full salt spray. Plant it beside a rock and watch it grow! Hummingbird Sage also likes extra spring water and summer wash-offs
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A short video about Salvia spathacea Topanga, Los Angeles Hummingbird Sage.
Salvia spathacea, Hummingbird Sage, don't the flowers  look edible? - grid24_12
Salvia spathacea, Hummingbird Sage flowers.
Salvia spathacea, Las Pilitas hummingbird sage, has very low foliage with a nice flower. - grid24_12
The Las Pilitas form of Salvia spathacea, Hummingbird Sage.

Hummingbird Sage  with no water and about 20 years old. in full coastal bluff conditions. The salt spray can feel like bullets. - grid24_12
Hummingbird sage makes a spiffy groundcover.

Salvia vaseyi, Wand Sage


Wand sage is a funny looking sage that is looks kinda like a compact white sage with smaller bumpy foliage.
A close of of Wand sage flowers - grid24_12
Salvia vaseyi, Wand Sage
Salvia vaseyi,  Wand Sage - grid24_12
Salvia vaseyi, Wand Sage



California Sage hybrids

These sages are hybrids between native species in California. Some are naturally occurring; others were developed in gardens. These are some of the most beautiful sages but many are also shorter-lived than their parents and not as stable. These are very popular with birds and butterflies. The plants must be similar enough to their wild parents for the wildlife to know what to do with them.

An Anna Hummingbird on Salvia Celestial Blue. - grid24_12
Hummingbirds and many native insects like Salvia Celestial Blue

Salvia Celestial Blue

'Celestial Blue' is a hybrid of Salvia clevelandii, Salvia pachyphylla and Salvia leucophylla. It is hardy to 0 degrees F, drought tolerant, heat tolerant and it seems, even garden tolerant. The flowers start appearing in May and hold until the first weeks of July.
The foliage smells as Musk Sage but is smooth and not nearly as folded and crinkly as either Salvia clevelandii or S. leucophylla. (Las Pilitas Nursery introduction: 1999). We planted some in an area where everything else has died of drought(we do not cuddle our plants), the plants have done fine and flowered with no water, other than a dust down once. (Felt sorry for the dirt covered plant.)
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A short video of Salvia Celestial Blue, Purple Sage
Nice contrast. Celestial Blue is a hybrid of two california sages, Pozo Blue and Salvia  pachyphylla - grid24_12
Salvia Celestial Blue makes quite a show.
Salvia Celestial Blue in decomposed granite. - grid24_12
Salvia Celestial Blue makes a nice like bush.

Salvia Pozo Blue, ' Salvia clevelandii X leucophylla

'Pozo Blue' is a hybrid between Purple Sage and Cleveland Sage. 'Pozo' grows to about 4 feet. high, and 5 feet wide and has the flowers and fragrance of Musk sage but is hardy to 0 F. like Purple Sage. 'Pozo Blue' tolerates and even thrives in sand or clay, coastal, mountain or desert gardens. It also has proven to be VERY drought tolerant. We, that is Las Pilitas Nursery, introduced it in 1989. The original plants are 21 years old with no water. They survive dry hot summers and drought and are still a mass of flowers in July. Where this one is planted most of the 'drought tolerant' plants in the trade would fry in a few hours, (it's very toasty).
Cal Trans has used these along some of the 101 roadsides, planted and watered once and it did fine with no further irrigation. (not really a reliable idea)
Salvia Pozo Blue is really showy and forms a nice round shrub. It is especially popular with California Quail, hummingbirds, and lots of butterflies including the California Dog Face.
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A short video about Salvia Pozo Blue.
Salvia Pozo Blue with a Swallowtail butterfly in the garden at Santa Margarita. Native plant gardens attract  native butterflies. - grid24_12
Salvia Pozo Blue, ' Salvia clevelandii X leucophylla with a Pale Swallowtail
Costa's Hummingbird on Salvia Pozo Blue. - grid24_12
Salvia Pozo Blue, ' Salvia clevelandii X leucophylla with a Costa's Hummingbird

Salvia Bee's Bliss

looks a lot like Salvia Gracias. We can't find much information about the history of this sage. Low growing with blue flowers. Not as explosive as 'Gracias'. Some have said they are the same plant, but Gracias cannot have any water, 'Bee's Bliss' is Ok with some water.
Looking across Salvia Bee's Bliss flowers. - grid24_12
Salvia Bee's Bliss is excellent for covering slopes. Not the best for really hot slopes, but excellent for west facing slopes or slopes with some bushes or trees on it to reduce the heat.
The flower cluster of Salvia Bee's Bliss - grid24_12
Salvia Bee's Bliss has a nice light lavender flower.

Salvia 'Gracias' clevelandii X sonomensis

Salvia 'Gracias' has gray-green foliage and pale purple flowers. It is very low growing only about 6 inches to a foot tall. It makes an excellent ground cover. It tolerates dry climates the way a species would. It survived in our demonstration garden on 12 inches of rainfall in full sun with temperatures regularly exceeding 100 degrees F. It is great for covering up retaining walls or stabilizing rock walls. It drapes gracefully down the face of the wall and can tolerate reflected heat off the wall. We have used it in very high deer areas and it has been ignored by them. It attracts lots of butterflies and hummingbirds.
A 15 year old Salvia Gracias without any extra water. Gracias will grow in most of California without any irrigation. - grid24_12
Salvia 'Gracias' clevelandii X sonomensis

Salvia 'Dara's Choice'

'Dara's Choice' is a hybrid between Salvia mellifera and something else, maybe Salvia sonomensis. It has green foliage and a decent blue flower. The growth rate is exceptional.
Similar to Salvia Mrs Beard.
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A short video of Salvia Dara's Choice
Salvia Dara's Choice covering a hillside in San Luis Obispo.  - grid24_12
Salvia 'Dara's Choice' is liked by butterflies.
Salvia Dara's Choice - grid24_12
Salvia 'Dara's Choice' works ok in full sun or part shade.

Salvia Mrs. Beard

Mrs. Beard is a dark green creeping or mounding sage that has blue flowers. It has done well in most Coastal California gardens in full sun. As you get closer to the Mexican border it needs more water and some afternoon shade. Although Dara's Choice came from the same species, Mrs. Beard is larger and can be used as a large groundcover, where Dara's Choice is useful as a small groundcover or in the pockets that are too small for Mrs. Beard.
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A short video of Salvia Mrs. Beard
Salvia Mrs. Beard flowers. - grid24_12
Salvia Mrs. Beard has a nice blue flower.
Salvia sonomensis, Mrs. Beard has green leaves and pale lavender flowers. - grid24_12
Salvia Mrs. Beard
When grown in the shade in sandy soil Mrs. Bread's flower is light colored. - grid24_12
Salvia Mrs. Beard

Salvia Vicki Romo

Vicki Romo was apparently a hybrid between Salvia clevelandii, Salvia apiana, maybe Salvia leucophylla and others. The wildlife seem to like the seeds and flowers. It's easy to grow and has large flowers.
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A short video of Salvia apianaXclevelandii, Vicki Romo sage.
Very large flowers on a relatively small plant. The hybrids of California sages are very tough but showy. - grid24_12
A Monarch Butterfly on Salvia Vicki Romo - grid24_12
Salvia Vicki Romo is liked by butterflies and hummingbirds.

Salvia Carl Neilson is a hybrid sage with blue flowers and dark green foliage. - grid24_12
Salvia Carl Neilsen has a spectacular flower.
Sorry, I cannot find any information of the Sage. No idea where it came from. Someone gave it to us or we bought it a decade ago. The label says Art Chistiansen. - grid24_12
Someone gave the Salvia clevelandii species or hybrid to us or we bought it a decade ago. The label says Art Chistiansen.
This Sages has a really strong odor and nice flowers. - grid24_12
This is a Salvia clevelandii that our employees found in north Escondido area above Deer Springs Rd. We've been playing around with it. Skylark Nursery grew some and it did ok for them. We've not planted it out yet to see if it dies here.

Ok that's our Salvia page. We know there are other forms out there, but at the moment we do not grow them, or have had no experience with them (Salvia 'Whirly Blue' ), or think they have a problem(multiple forms of Allen Chickering).

The other Sages native to California

(Other stinky things that are also called sages but are not.)
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Edited on Jan 16, 2013. Authors: Bert Wilson
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